The Department was carved out from the former Department of Science Laboratory Technology in 1998 to train students in the field of Physics and Electronics. Beside teaching, the department has an outstanding reputation in research and development within and outside Yaba College of Technology. The knowledge and skills imbibed by diplomats of programmes offered by this department make the enough to discharge their duties creditably well as asserted to by employers’ ratings. These achievements of the department have so far proved the strength and competence of effective knowledge delivery through teaching and research which are the direct results of the devotion to duty of its well-behaved staff members and cooperation of colleagues from other departments.

Akaegbobi Anthony C.,
HOD of Physical Science

ACADEMIC PROGRAMME IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

HND Physics with Electronics
The HND Science Laboratory Technology (Physics with Electronics Option) is designed to produce practically oriented technologists who could be employed in physics, electronics and instrumentation laboratories of educational, medical and research institutions. The diplomat of this program could also be employed in electronics, petroleum, mining, metallurgical, telecommunication and computer industries, as well as geological and geophysical surveys and weather forecasting.

On successful completion of the course, it is expected that the diplomate should have been equipped with the knowledge and technical skill to handle, install, maintain, design and construct some simple physics and electronic instruments and equipment. They should be able to manage and control supplies and stores as well as supervise simple production or assembly line in relevant industries.
 
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
Entry requirement is the National Diploma of Yaba College of Technology or its recognized equivalent in the relevant discipline plus basic requirement of National Diploma.
 
O’LEVEL REQUIREMENT

1. Credit passes in Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry and any of basic Electronics, Applied Electricity Further Mathematics, Biology, Agric Science, Geography or Economics.
2. A minimum of four credits at one sittings or five credits at two sittings:
3. Credit pass in English Language is required.

ND SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

1. Lower Credit in Physics with Electronics or Science Laboratory Technology
2. Candidates with a pass in ND must have at least 2 years post-ND experience before applying.

STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME
The Higher National Diploma Physics with Electronics programme in terminal and is structured to last for two years (four Semesters). This incorporates four to six months of supervised industrial attachment. Curriculum of all programmes consists of four main components. These are:

1. General Studies/Education
2. Foundation courses
3. Professional courses
4. Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).

The General Education component shall include courses in Art and Humanities- English Language, Communication, History, Mathematics and Sciences (for non-science based programmes) Social studies-Citizenship (the Nigerian Constitution) Political Science, Sociology, Philosophy, Geography, Entrepreneurship, Physical and Health Education (one semester credit only), Foundation Courses include courses in Economics, Mathematics, Pure Sciences, Technical Drawing, Descriptive Geometry, Statistics, etc. The number of hours will vary with the programme and may account for about 10-15% of total contact hours. Professional courses are courses which give the student the theory and practical skills he needs to practice his field of calling at the technologist level. These may account for between 60-70% of the contact hours depending on programme.

Conditions for the Award of HND Physics with Electronics

The candidates who successfully complete the programme after passing prescribed course work, examinations, diploma project and the supervised industrial work experience will be awarded Higher National Diploma in Physics with Electronics.

Such candidates should have completed a minimum of between 72 and 80 semester credit units depending on the programme. Diplomates shall be classified as follows:

Distinction – GPA of 3.50 and above
Upper Credit – GPA of 3.00 - 3.49
Lower Credit – GPA of 2.50 – 2.49
Pass – GPA of 2.00 – 2.49
Fail – GPA of below 2.0

CURRICULUM TABLE
The curriculum table for HND Physics with Electronics which is followed by the Course Synopsis is shown below.

YEAR ONE
First Semester

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	L	T	P	CU	CH
COM 301 GLT 301 GLT 302 PYE 311 PYE 312 PYE 313 PYE 314 PYE 315 MTH 311 GNS 301	Computer Programming Laboratory Management General Instrumentation Atomic and Nuclear Physics Material Science I (Metals and Alloys) Electric Circuit Theory Electromagnetism I General Physics Practical I Advanced Algebra Use of English	3 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2	1 - 1 - - - - - - -	- - 3 - - - - 6 - -	3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2	4 2 3 2 2 2 2 6 2 2

Second Semester

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	L	T	P	CU	CH
PYE 321 PYE 322 PYE 323 PYE 324 PYE 325 PYE 326 PYE 327 PYE 328 PYE 312	Thermodynamics Material Science II (Polymers and ceramics) Electromagnetism II Mechanics Analogue Electronics Telecommunication Principles Physical Optics Electronic Practicals Advanced Calculus	2 2 3 2 2 2 2 - 2	1 - - - - - - - -	- - - - - - - 6 -	2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2	3 2 3 2 2 2 2 6 2

YEAR TWO
First Semester

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	L	T	P	CU	CH
PYE 411 PYE 412 PYE 413 PYE 414 PYE 415 PYE 416 PYE 417 PYE 418 PYE 314	Electronic/Instrumentation Workshop Instrumentation I Radio Communication Principles Analogue Electronics II Digital Electronics Solar Energy Acoustics General Physics Practicals II Computer Hardware Systems	- 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 3	- - - - - - - - - -	6 - - - - - - - 6 -	2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3	6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 3

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	L	T	P	CU	CH
PYE 421 PYE 422 PYE 423 PYE 424 PYE 425 PYE 426 PYE 427 PYE 402	Instrumentation II & Control Microelectronic Systems Equipment Reliability Electronic Practicals II Seminar Project Geophysics Literary Appreciation and Oral Composition	2 2 2 - - - 2	- - - - - - -	- - - 6 - - -	2 2 2 2 1 6 2	2 2 2 6 - - 2

NB: CU-Course Units, CH-Contact Hours, PR-Pre-requisite, L-Lectures, T-Tutorial, P-Practical.
 
GLT 301: Laboratory Management 2 units
The design of Physics and Electronics Laboratory, Maintaining Laboratory Equipments, Effects of Radiation and Methods of Prevention of Radiation Hazards, Managing Laboratory Stores, Procuring Laboratory Materials and Equipments and the Legal Liabilities and regulations involved, Managing the Laboratory Personnel for improved productivity.

GLT 302: General Instrumentation 3 units
The operation use and care of basic Measuring Instruments, Types of Signal Generators in the laboratory, Types of pressure Measuring Instruments, Types of recorders and reproducers, power supply units in the laboratory, essential of troubleshooting techniques.

PYE 311: Atomic and Nuclear Physics  2 units
Particle nature of atom: Bohr’s postulates and energy levels. Wave nature of atoms: postulates of quantum mechanics and Schrödinger equation. The use of spectroscopy in the analysis of the atom. The nature and application of x-rays. General features of nuclear reactions. The nature of radiological hazards and principles of radiological protection.

PYE 312: Material Science I 2 units
Classification of materials. Relevant mechanical properties of materials. Simple cystal structures. Microscopic study of metallic surfaces. Different techniques for x-ray study of materials. Energy relations and stability of materials phases. Maintenance of crystal. Deterioration of metals and methods of limiting deterioration. Different methods of fabricating metals.

PYE 313: Electric Circuit Theory 2 units
Network theory and their applications to direct current electrical circuits. Alternating current theory and its applications to electrical circuits problems. Power in an a.c. circuits. Network transformation, duality principle and its application. The concept of 3 phase a.c. systems. Concept of magnetic coupling and applications.

PYE 314: Electromagnetism I 3 units
Concept in static electricity, Effects of induced charges in dielectrics and rules obeyed by electrostatic field in the presence of dielectric, Flow of electric charges, Behaviour of charges moving in a magnetic field, Concepts of magnetic fields produced by current carrying conductors, Properties of magnetic materials.

Pye 315: General Physics Practical I 2 units
Mechanical properties of materials, Behaviour of sound waves, Concept of static electricity and its application, Electric circuit problems, Spectroscopic analysis of atoms, Nature and application of x-rays.

PYE 322: Material Science II 2 units
Chemical processes involved in polymerization and its relationship to physical properties of polymers, Basic classes of polymers and rubbers, Methods of forming plastics to shape using additives, Deterioration of polymers and rubbers during use and how to limit deterioration. Compounds and properties of ceramic materials.

PYE 323: Electromagnetism II 3 units
The concept of electromagnetic induction. Maxwell equations and their solutions. Properties of electromagnetic waves and their propagation in space and matter. Propagation of high frequency signals along transmission lines. Propagation of high frequency signals in wave guides.

PYE 324: Mechanics 2 units
Concept of Vector Algebra: Cartesian and Plane Polar Co-Ordinate System, Salar and Vector Products and Angle Between Vectors, Concept of Vector Calculus, Position Vector and Velocity Vector, Grad of a Scalar, Div of a Vector and Curl of a Vector, Application of Vector Algebra, Application of differential equations to Vibrations and Oscillation.

PYE 326: Telecommunication Principles 2 units
Amplitude Modulation, Frequency modulation, AM and FM detection, principles of digital modulation, Different telecommunication systems.

PYE 327: Physical Optics 2 units
Nature of Waves, Principle of Superposition of Waves, Interference and diffraction of waves, Scattering and absorption spectrum, Dispersion of light waves, Polarization of waves.

STP 321: Thermodynamics 2 units
Concepts of the first law of thermodynamics, Concepts of the second law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic systems and processes, Importance of combustion as one of the ways of producing thermal energy, Properties of pure substances in terms of thermodynamic functions, Concepts of the third law of thermodynamics.

PYE 412: Instrumentation I 3 units
The Characteristic of Measuring Instruments, Composition of Measuring Instrument System, Importance of Static and Dynamic Performance of Measuring Systems, Measurement of Displacement, Methods of Measurement of Force, Torque and Pressure, Time, Counts, Frequency and Speed, Various Methods of Temperature Measurements and Liquid-Level Measurement.

PYE 413: Radio Communication Principles 2 units
Frequency Bands within the Radio Spectrum, Principles of Electromagnetic Wave Radiation. Radio Waves Propagation, Principles of modulation and demodulations, Working principles of radio receivers and transmitters.

PYE 414: Analogues Electronics II 2 units
Concept of Power Amplifier, Feedback and its effect on Transistor Amplifier, Principles and Application of Operational Amplifier, Operational Principles of Oscillators, Operation of Multi-vibrators and Wave Shaping Circuits, Fabrication of integrated circuits.

PYE 415: Digital Electronics 2 units
Operation and application of basic logic gates, Principles of binary arithmetic and its application in digital coding and decoding, Operation and applications of different flip-flop circuits, digital counters and shift registers, Concept of digital system design and applications to problem solving.

PYE 416: Solar Energy 2 units
Solar radiation and factors affecting its availability on the earth’s surface, Heat transfer fundamentals for solar energy application, Basic properties of solar collectors and their uses, Various methods of solar energy conversion and storing solar energy, Specific applications of solar energy.

PYE 417: Acoustics  2 units
Production, propagation and properties of sound energy, Behaviour of sound waves in rooms and other enclosures, Proper conditions for hearing and recording sound, Acoustic principles involved in the design of musical instruments, Acoustic principles underlying human speaking and hearing. Principles and process of storing and reproducing sound energy.

PYE 418: General Physics Practical II 2 units
Principles of operation of analogue instrument, Principles of operation of digital instrument, Frequency Response of Simple Control Elements or Systems, Time response of simple control systems, Interference.

PYE 421: Instrumentation II and Control 2 units
Classification and General Uses of Analogue And Digital Instruments, Principles of Operation And Applications of Analogue (Pointer) Instruments And Analogue (Digital) Instruments, Basic Principles, Classification And Areas of Application of Automatic Sound System. Transfer Function, Frequency Response and Time Response of Simple Control Elements or Systems.

PYE 422: Microelectronics Systems 2 units
Function of a CPU and Microprocessor System Components, Address Selection and Enabling Signals within Microprocessor Signals, Fetch-Execute Sequence, Operation of Instruction Set of a Microprocessor, Simple Machine Code Programmes, Stocks and Subroutines, Principles of Interrupts, Classification And Packaging Of Integrated Circuits, Board Design Layout Bus, Loading And Signal Degradation.

PYE 423: Equipment Reliability 2 units
Basic Terms and Relationship Commonly Used In Reliability, Concept of Reliability Prediction, Causes and Remedies of Component Failure, Basic Principles of Maintainability, Specifications and Its Importance.

PYE 424: Electronic Practicals II 2 units
Operation Use and Care of Basic Measuring Instruments, Electronic Components And Their Specifications, Soldering Techniques, Layout Of Components On A Vero-Board And Printed Circuit Board, Power Supply Units In The Laboratory, Essentials Of Troubleshooting Techniques And Methods Of Fault-Finding In Instruments.

PYE 427: Geophysics 2 units
Basic Principles of Geophysical Survey and Choice of Methods, Electrical Conductivity of the Earth, Generation and Propagation Of Waves, Gravity Surveying, Magnetic Surveying, Other Geophysical Methods.

PYE 425: Seminar 2 units

PYE 426: Project 4 units
Selection of a laboratory based topic for investigation, Experimental investigation of the topic. Literature review of the topic, paying particular attention to the area selected for investigation. Prepare a seminar on the proposed investigation. Give the seminar and defend the proposed investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar. Write a full project in scientific format. Prepare a seminar on the investigation, the results found, the conclusions drawn and proposals for further investigations. Give the seminar and defend the investigation when questioned by the participants in the Seminar.